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Chronic Disease Prevention & Control in the Americas, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2009
In this issue: Cancer: Highlights for 2008, Priorities for 2009; Experts Say Lowering Salt Consumption Should be a Top Public Health Priority; Healthy Caribbean: Bridgetown Declaration; Translation of WHO STEPS Stroke Surveillance Manual; New WHO Website on Marketing Foods and Beverages to Children; PAHEF Project Provides Evidence That Alcohol Control Reduces Violence against Women; Global School Health Survey; News Roundup.
cronic-2009-3-1.pdf
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Chronic Disease Prevention & Control in the Americas, Vol. 2, No. 12, December 2008
This issue covers: Season’s Greetings! Two Christmases Ago; Argentina Publishes Report on Improving Its Cervical Cancer Program; El Salvador: AMNET Workshop on CNCD Policy Analysis & Decision-Making; New PAHO Book Reveals Ties between Excessive Consumption of Alcohol and Domestic Violence; New Online Master’s Degree Program in Advanced Oncology; News Roundup; Erratum.
cronic-2008-2-12.pdf
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Chronic Disease Prevention & Control in the Americas, Vol. 2, No. 5, May 2008
In this issue: Look around you: A Tale of Trash; 61st World Health Assembly Sets Bold New Path for CNCDs; Alcohol as a Risk Factor for Chronic Disease; Guatemala Declares April Healthy Living Month; 20 Years of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Chile; CNCD Surveillance in the Southern Cone; Social Marketing and Prevention of Obesity; 4th Pan American Congress to Promote Vegetable and Fruit Consumption; Web-Based Healthcare and Chronic Disease.
cronic-2008-2-5.pdf
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Perspectives in Health - March 2008
The eZine of the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features: Chronic Diseases: Everyone's Epidemic - Traffic Safety: No Act of Fate - Jerry Rivera: "Stop the Pain" - PAHO Calls for Action on Alcohol - More...
ePerspectives001.htm
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Building concrete, viable outputs and constructive proposals for injury prevention and safety promotion
Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. March 15, 2008.- We need to target the causes and risk factors for violence and traffic injuries. Director's Speech at the inauguration ceremony at the 9th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion.
DSpeech_Merida08_eng.htm
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Globalization and injuries in the context of the Americas
Merida. Mexico. Marzo 15, 2008.- Director's presentation during the celebration of the 9th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion at the panel "Globalization and Injury", which had the participation of many ministers of health from the Americas.
Presentation »
See also: Declaracíón Ministerial sobre Prevención de Violencia y Lesiones en las Américas [Spanish version]
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Alcohol, Gender, Culture and Harms in the Americas
The present report is the final report of the study and it aims at providing the first insight into the richness of the database, although many more analyses will be undertaken and disseminated in future publications in scientific journals.
Multicentric.pdf
Online Bookstore
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WHA60.25: Integrating Gender Analysis and Actions into the Work of WHO: Draft Strategy
This resolution from the 60th World Health Assembly in 2007 sets forth the WHO mandate to analyze the data and act in ensuring and integrating gender equality into all health-related areas and all levels of health-care delivery and services for women and girls of all ages.
WHA60.25
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LAUNCHING OF THE UNITED NATIONS STUDY ON VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
The former Secretary General of the United Nations (UN), Dr. Kofi Annan, presented the Study on Violence against Children, in October 2006 to the UN Assembly. The Study was a global effort co-sponsored by UN Office on Human Rights, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
VIP_UNStudy.htm
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PAHO Calls for End to Violence against Women
Singer Jerry Rivera today joined forces with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to launch a new public service campaign to raise awareness of violence against women and of the need to end the widespread problem in the Americas and around the world.
pr061121.htm
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Toward Universal Access to HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment: 3 by 5 Report for the Americas
As governments, organizations, and individuals strive to combat AIDS deaths and the spread of HIV, we must all aim high. The magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its potential to spread require high level planning and large scale action. When the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS set the goal to treat three million people with antiretrovirals by 2005, it was with this aim to think big and achieve commensurate gains.
3X5AmericasReport.pdf
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HIV and Gender
This web page houses information and resources on the topic of HIV/AIDS and gender.
hiv.htm
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PAHO Today - November 2005 Edition
PAHO Today is the newsletter of the Pan American Health Organization, published three times a year. In this edition: WHO's Director-General Warns PAHO Member Countries on Pandemic Flu, Ministers of Health of the Americas Set Policies for 2006 and Beyond, PAHO Training Program in International Health - Two Decades Shaping Health Leadership in the Americas, more.
pahotoday_nov05.htm
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Gender, Health and Development in the Americas- Basic Indicators 2005
The brochure profiles gender differences in health and development in the 48 states and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on women's reproductive health, access to key health services, and major causes of death. Its objective is to raise awareness of gender inequities in the region and promote the use of sex-disaggregated health statistics in the development of targeted health and development policies and other initiatives.
GenderBrochure05.pdf
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Periodic Bulletin 7: Gender-based violence
This is the seventh issue of the gender-based violence electronic bulletin.
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CD46.R16: PAHO Gender Equality Policy
Resolution adopted at the 46th PAHO Directing Council in September 2005, which lays down the PAHO mandate for gender equality in health and development in the Americas, in accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
cd46.r16-e.pdf
CD46.R16
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Sustainable Development and Environmental Health - Evaluation and Risk Management
Sustainable Development and Environmental Health (SDE) - Evaluation and Risk Management, Healthy Environment, Workers' Health, Violence Prevention and Road Safety, Tobacco and Consumers' Health
evalua.htm
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Monthly Bulletin 6: Gender-based Violence in the Americas
This is the 6th edition of the gender-based violence bulletin of the Gender, Ethnicity and Health Unit.
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PAHO Today - April 2005 Edition
PAHO Today is the newsletter of the Pan American Health Organization, published three times a year. In this edition: Mothers and Children: Make Them Count, Time to Prepare for Flu, Dealing with Disasters, Gang Violence Requires a Preventive Approach, more.
pahotoday_apr05.htm
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Violence against Women
This is the Gender, Ethnicity and Health Unit's web page on its project on violence against women.
VAW.htm
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Gender, Ethnicity and Health Page
This page provides access to the latest information from the Gender, Ethnicity and Health Unit of the Pan-American Health Organization.
home.htm
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Youth Violence Solves Nothing - Public Service Announcement
"Health Awareness Game Nights"—a partnership between PAHO/WHO and the Washington Wizards—is focusing on youth violence. Youth violence contributes greatly to the global burden of injury, disability and premature death.
Click Here to Watch
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Pan American Journal of Public Health - Vol. 17 No. 2, February 2005
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health
Online Bookstore
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Pan American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 1, July 2004
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 1, July 2004/Julio 2004
Online Bookstore
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The public health context of violence in Colombia
Among the countries of the Americas, Colombia has the highest level of deaths due to homicides and armed conflict. The objective of this research was to combine and contrast information from various sources on deaths due to violence in Colombia in order to identify major trends in violence in the country and to compare those trends with those in other nations of the Americas. (Rev Panam Salud Púbica 2004 16(4): 266-271) (You can purchase this article)
Full Text
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Child Health
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on child health. The documents are organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a customized sidebar with links to network and related information and key items.
child.htm
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Adolescent Health
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on the health of adolescents and youth. The documents are organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a customized sidebar with links to network and related information and key items.
adolescent.htm
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Road safety - Safety restraints
The use of seat-belts has been one of the most effective road safety measures ever imple-mented, saving more lives than any other intervention. The lack or inappropriate use of seat-belts and other safety restraints (child seats and booster seats) have been shown to be risk factors for the fatalities and injuries that result from road crashes.
safety_restraints_en.pdf
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Reducing Rates of Unintentional Injuries
According to the World Bank, injuries and violence accounted for 15% of years of productive life lost (before age 65) in the world. For the Americas the data are similar (PAHO, 1994, 1998, 2002). Rates are more than twice as great in males compared to females.
BBH_Violence.pdf
full text
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Perspectives in Health - Volume 8, Number 3, 2003
Magazine published three times a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: The Violence Pandemic - Chronicling the End of Polio - Battling over Biotechnology - Crusaders for Animal Health - Purple Death: The Great Flu of 1918
perspectives18.htm
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Violence against Women: The Health Sector Responds
This book is a collaborative effort of PAHO (GHU), PATH, the CDC and WHO to
address violence against women as a global public health and human rights problem. It provides concrete approaches for addressing VAW, not only for those on the front lines attending to the women who live with violence, but
also for decision-makers who can incorporate the lessons reviewed in this book in the development of laws and policies.
VAWhealthsector.htm
Online Bookstore
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Physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual violence during pregnancy as a reproductive-risk predictor of low birthweight in Costa Rica
The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual violence during pregnancy and the association that that violence has with low birthweight. (Rev Panam Salud Pública, 2003 14(2):75-83)
Vol-14-2-Nunez.htm
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CD44/15-Impact of violence on the health of the populations in the Americas
Document presented for consideration by the 44th Directing Council of PAHO (agenda item 4.12), Washington, D.C., July 2003. The document provides the basis for why PAHO should maintain its commitment to violence prevention, while at the same time describing the scope of the violence problem and its different forms in the Region of the Americas (e.g., suicide and homicide, domestic violence, youth violence, violence against the elderly, sexual violence and violence in the workplace, among others). The document concludes with a set of recommendations for adoption by the Directing Council.
cd44-15-e.pdf
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Gender Mainstreaming Web Page
This web page provides a list of resources on gender mainstreaming, gender analysis, and integrating gender into specific health topics, programmes, and projects.
Mainstreaming.htm
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Gender and Public Health Series
The Gender and Public Health Series is produced by the Pan American Health Organization's Gender and Health Unit in Central America for the purpose of highlighting different topics of interest to the Unit. The goal of the Series is to stimulate reflection, analysis, debate and action from an interdisciplinary gender perspective on public health matters.
gphseries.htm
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Health Information and Virtual Media Workshop - CRICS VI
Workshop to contribute both to scholarly and policy debate on quality criteria, policy tools to assist the development, implementation and/or evaluation processes associated with achieving Quality of health information in the Internet in the Region of the Americas.
media-qi.htm
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Perceptions and experiences of violence among secondary school students in urban Jamaica
The objective of the study presented in this article was to obtain information on the perceptions and experiences of violence among secondary school students in Kingston, Jamaica, and its environs.
Vol-14-2-Meeks.htm
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Violence against Women: The Health Sector Responds
Millions of women in the Americas and around the globe suffer the effects of physical, sexual, and emotional violence in their own homes every day. Their pain is too often silent and invisible to the rest of the world. Yet as many as one out of every three women are victims of gender-based violence, one of the most widespread human rights and public health problems in the world today.
more
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Helmet use by motorcyclists injured in traffic accidents in Londrina, southern Brazil
The purpose of this article is to describe helmet use among motorcyclists injured in traffic accidents in Londrina, a medium-sized city in Paraná, a state in southern Brazil, and to identify factors associated with not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident.
vol.13-1-Lopes.htm
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Disease Prevention.
The chapter briefly describes the current situation and trends of health problems and impairments based on morbidity and disability, stressing the main intervententions carried out to preent and control them. Analyses highlight inequalities by geographic areas, age, sex, and socioeconomic categories. Pages 243-353. (Health in the Americas, © PAHO, 2002) (You can purchase this chapter)
Full Text
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Protection of Mental Health in Disasters and Emergency Situations
The objective of this publication is to offer practical planning guidelines to act in the immediate aftermath of an emergency, and it does not include treatment of psychosocial problems that arise in the medium- and long-term. It is directed toward community efforts and promotes coordination between the multiple agencies that work in the mental health field, frequently with different points of view. In Spanish only.
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World Report on Violence and Health
Violence is a major public health problem worldwide, causing millions of deaths each year and permanent disabilities among survivors. Among people ages 15-44, it accounts for 14% of all male and 7% of all female deaths worldwide. This Report examines a broad spectrum of violence including child abuse and neglect by caregivers, youth violence, violence by intimate partners, sexual violence, elder abuse, suicide, and collective violence. Its objectives are to describe the magnitude and impact of violence and key risk factors; summarize the types of intervention and policy responses and their effectiveness; and make recommendations local, national, and international action. Its goals are to raise awareness about the problem of violence and make the case that violence is preventable, highlighting the crucial role public health has to play in addressing its causes and consequences.
WHO
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Gender and Public Health Series
The Women, Health and Development Program has made its Gender and Public Health Series of documents available on the web. Topics covered include intra-family violence, sexual abuse and the Belén do Pará Convention. Most of the documents are available in Spanish only.
gphseries.htm
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Injuries: Violence (section in Health in the Americas, 2002 Edition)
Mortality from external causes includes intentional and unintentional
injuries. Unintentional injuries include motor vehicle
accidents, drowning, falls, and suffocation. Intentional injuries
can be directed toward others (homicide) or self directed (suicide).
In the Region of the Americas injuries account for 13.2% of
the total number of deaths. This section will examine violence
(intentional injuries) and unintentional injuries, specifically
mortality due to motor vehicle accidents.
SEA_secuelas.pdf
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Adolescent and Youth Health Development (Health in the Americas, 2002 Edition
Health in the Americas is the Pan American Health Organization's flagship publication analyzing the health situation and trends in the Region of the Americas. In this 2002 edition, which as have previous ones is presented in two volumes, the analysis is oriented toward documenting inequalities in health. The First Volume's eight chapters describe the current status and trends in health and this chapter (IV) deals with how individuals and populations organize themselves to respond to health needs by promoting health actitivities both within and outside the health sector.
SEA_Violence.pdf
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Calculation for Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) by Gender for Selected Countries in Latin America & the Caribbean (1996-1999, per 100,000 pop., by gender)
These tables provide data for 1996-1999 (though rates are not available for all years in all cases) for the following NCDs: stomach cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrest, stroke, transport accidents, falling, firearms, drowning, respiratory trauma, electrocution, fire/smoke/burns, poisoning, other accidents, suicides, homicides, unknown intention, external causes and diabetes. The tables will be updated regularly and we invite our users to consult the site periodically for such updates. All calculations were done in accordance with International Classification of Disease (ICD), Version 10. Last update: 12 April 2004.
svn-asmr-tables.htm
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Global Percentage of Deaths due to Injury (1999)
This MS Powerpoint slide, from the WHO Violence and Injury Prevention Program (VIP), contains a pie graph showing the percentages of global deaths due to different types of injuries, both intencional and non-intentional, for 1999.
PowerPoint
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Injuries: Intentional (Violence)
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on intentional injuries (violence), organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a side bar with links to frequently requested items and announcements of upcoming events and/or new books.
trauma.htm
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Risk Factors for Gang Involvement
This slide contains a diagram indicating the different risk factors that lead to teenagers' choice to associate in gangs, their own perceived reasons for doing so, and the obligations implicit for the solidarity they find in gang membership. Based on findings from a Salvadorean gang study, the generalizations it makes can be usefully applied to the rest of the Region.
PowerPoint
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6th World Conference on Injury Prevention & Control (Montréal, 12-15 May 2002: Co-sponsored by WHO)
This document provides summary information on the 6th World Conference on Injury Prevention & Control, held in Montreal, Canada, 12-15 May 2002. It provides links to the conference website and to the conference bureau where further information can be obtained, as well as to the PAHO unit involved in the event.
vio-6th-world-conf.htm
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Reducing Violence in Selected Central American Countries: A Technical-Cooperation Initiative--Executive Summary
The PAHO Program on Non-Communicable Diseases is proposing a group of three collaborative projects directed at reducing violence in selected countries of Central America. These projects are aimed at applying interventions that confront problems identified both by experts and the communities, such as (1)the fragmentary and incomplete attention that hospitals offer to victims of violence; (2) the appearance of juvenile gang violence and the anxiety that such gangs engender; and (3) the lack of social support networks to boys and girls who suffer abuse.
vio-3-proy.htm
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Related Sites: Violence & Injury Prevention
This page offers links to external sites dealing with issues of violence and injury prevention, as well as to other organizations networking with them. This includes programs, international coalitions, and national/regional directories.
vio-links.htm
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Andean Network for Violence Prevention
This page links to the violence-prevention network that PAHO created for action in the area of violence prevention, the Red Andina de Prevención de Violencia, with its useful database and directory of external links.
vio-net.htm
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ACTIVA Project: Cultural Norms and Attitudes toward Violence in Selected Cities of Latin America and Spain
This multicenter study was coordinated by PAHO and carried out in selected cities in Latin America (El Salvador-Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; Cali, Colombia; San José, Costa Rica; San Salvador, El Salvador; Caracas, Venezuela) and in Madrid, Spain. The purpose of the ACTIVA project was twofold: to generate information aimed at policies and city violence-prevention programs, and to offer criteria for decision-making and gather information to serve as a basis for evaluating policies and prevention programs. This study was to provide baseline data to help develop policies and prevention programs at all levels. This page offers information on the project, the participants, and subsequent findings, including access to full-text documents.
activa-project.htm
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Violence & Injury Prevention at PAHO
This document gives full information on the activities and output of the Violence and Injury Prevention Unit, part of the PAHO Risk Assessment Unit within the Sustainable Development and Environmental Health Area. It also gives useful information on other PAHO activities and documentation on this theme as well as links to other sites focusing on the same.
vio-prev.htm
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Research Network--ACTIVA Project: Cultural Norms and Attitudes toward Violence in Selected Cities of Latin America and Spain
Project ACTIVA, a regional initiative coordinated by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), was a multicenter project to evaluate violence and related cultural norms and attitudes in selected cities of the Region of the Americas and Spain. This document offers full contact information on all those who participated and is intended as a networking and exchange tool for area specialists.
activa-inv.htm
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Inside the Neighborhood: Salvadoran Street Gangs Violent Solidarity
Almost ten years after signing the peace agreement, there has been an exponential increase in social violence and delinquency in El Salvador. The study behind this book tries to shed light on this phenomenon. One of the objectives of the study was to call attention to the kinds of activities in which these young people participate, as well as analyzing the information collected. This permits not only a better description of the agression and victimization practiced and the severity that both genders suffer, but also of their environment and experiences within the gang. It is believed that this information will help formulate more accurate public policies.
barrio-adentro.htm
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Statistics on Homicides, Suicides, Accidents, Injuries. and Attitudes towards Violence
These twelve graphs and tables offer statistic information on homicides, suicides, accidents, different types of injuries, and attitudes towards violence for selected cities and countries of the Region of the Americas, as well as a graph on endemic violence worldwide in terms of deaths by homicide for youth in selected countries, and global percentage of deaths due to injuries.
violence-graphs.htm
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Injuries: Unintentional (Accidents)
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on unintencional injuries/accidents, organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a side bar with links to related pages, frequently requested items, upcoming events and/or new books.
lesion.htm
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Child Abuse in Latin America and the Caribbean
This presentation focuses on the situation of child abuse in Latin America and the Caribbean, where difficulties in implementing an epidemiological surveillance system result in the current lack of data on child abuse and neglect. The resulting situation is one where a lack of understanding exists, impacting negatively upon the implementation of prevention programs. The purpose of this presentation is to remedy these difficulties and contribute to stopping the problem. The HTML document summarizes the 37-slide Powerpoint presentation and provides a link to it.
child-abuse-lac.htm
PowerPoint
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NCD Surveillance Toolkit: Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases
Reliable data on risk factors is essential for priority-setting and planning preventive interventions. To collect this data, PAHO recommends surveys that use standardized definitions and previously validated questions. This ensures dependable data that allows for comparisons over time and among different populations. This toolkit presents a strategy and structure for data collection: for each risk factor, there is a module with recommendations for prevention, indicators to monitor progress in carrying out the recommendations, and/or a set of standardized questions recommended for use in surveys.
ncd-surv-tools.htm
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Perspectives in Health - Volume 5, Number 2, 2000
Magazine published twice a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: Workers' Health in Latin America and the Caribbean: Looking to the Future - Violence Against Women in the Americas -Deconstructing the Myths of Cervical Cancer - Brazil's "Health Castle" Marks Centennial - Song of Haiti.
Number10_index.htm
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Underlying cause of death from external causes: validation of official data in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
This article from the February 2001 issue of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (Vol. 9, No. 2) presents a study whose objective was to validate the underlying cause of death recorded on the death certificates for individuals under 20 years of age who died from external causes in 1995 in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
vol.9-2-Barros.htm
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Physical violence against women in Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia: prevalence and related factor
This article from the February 2001 issue of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (Vol. 9, No. 2) presents a study whose objective was to estimate the magnitude of the problem of violence in intimate relationships affecting women in Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, and identify the factors related to the risk of being battered.
Vol.9-2-Klevens.htm
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Pan American Journal of Public Health - Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2001
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2001
v9n2.htm
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Guidelines for the Epidemiological Surveillance on Violence and Injuries
These guidelines were prepared in response to the need observed in various countries of the Americas where the increase in intentional and unintentional injuries has become a pressing social and public health problem. The fundamental purpose of these guidelines is to promote and guide the creation of epidemiological surveillance systems on violence and injuries, using the definition and universally accepted concepts of epidemiological surveillance that have been applied to other types of public health problems. The ultimate goal is to support knowledge, analysis, and decision-making related to the control and prevention of these problems. This site also contains a link to the WHO guidelines on the same theme.
guidelines.htm
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Domestic Violence: Women's Way Out
This is the web page that describes and provides access to the publication 'Domestic Violence: Women's Way Out' that was produced by PAHO's Gender, Ethnicity and Health Unit.
womenswayout.htm
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Juvenile Violence in the Americas: Innovative Studies in Reseach, Diagnosis and Prevention
This book briefly discusses several published works on violence among Organizes recent research on violence among children and adolescents by age group and environment type, and examines the environmental factors that contribute to violence, including the role of mass media. (Scientific Publication © PAHO, 2000)
Online Bookstore
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Book reviews: Domestic Violence: Women's Way Out
Reviews
“This book is a weapon in the battle against violence in society, particularly violence perpetrated against women and children. It sets forth a protocol that can be used to investigate the paths women follow as they search for care and try to solve their domestic violence problems.”
—CPHA Health Digest, Summer 2000
Online Bookstore
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Parenting and physical punishment: primary care interventions in Latin America
The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of involving public sector primary health care providers to inform parents about alternatives to physical punishment.
Vol-8-4-Lopez.htm
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Helping Ourselves to Help Others: Self-Care Guide for those who Work in the Field of Family Violence (Gender and Public Health Series 7:)
Specialists in the field of domestic violence have studied and investigated the above situations,
characterizing various alternatives of response to those effects. Among them, for example: Vicarious
Traumatization, or Secondary Trauma; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; and burnout.
gph7english.pdf
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Violence: From the Knowledge to Prevention
Violence—in its various forms and manifestations—is undoubtedly one of the issues of greatest importance in the Americas and of highest concern to governments, civil society, and international organizations. Violence is affected by multiple political, economic, and cultural factors that have irreparable consequences for individuals, families, and different population groups. Violence undermines the sustainable development of nations and the foundations of democratic institutions. Because of its complexity, the issue can be overwhelming. This editorial appears in Vol. 5, No. 4/5 (April/May 1999) of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health.
Vol-5-4&5_Editorial.htm
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Santiago, a fear-stricken city
The general purpose of this article is to determine how citizens' fear of lack of safety affects the use of public spaces. In an evaluation such as this, it is necessary to analyze two types of relationships pertaining to violence: the one between victimization and a perception of being unsafe, and the one that exists between social attitudes and the peaceful resolution of national conflicts.
Vol-5-4&5-Oviedo.htm
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Authoritarian attitudes and violence in Madrid
One of the objectives of the Multicentric Study on Cultural Norms and Attitudes Toward Violence (Estudio Multicéntrico sobre Actitudes y Normas Culturales frente a la Violencia, the ACTIVA project) is to analyze the relationship between those attitudes that foster violence and the violent behaviors themselves. This article examines the relationship between attitudes and two components of violence: its justification and its actual occurrence.
Vol-4-4&5-Maira.htm
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The psychosocial impact of violence in San Salvador
This study had two objectives: (1) to describe the levels of victimization of Salvadorians due to criminal violence, and the population groups most affected by it; (2) to learn if these levels of victimization are related to the presence of norms, attitudes, and behaviors that encourage the occurrence of violence.
Vol.5-4&5-Cruz.htm
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Being a victim of urban violence: its likelihood and its associated variables in cities of Latin America and Spain
This article looks at eight cities in Latin America and Spain and compares the chances of and variables associated with being a victim of various kinds of urban violence.
Vol.5-4&5-Cruz-JM.htm
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Multicenter Study: Cultural Norms and Attitudes Toward Violence (ACTIVA project): methodology
The purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual bases and methods used in the ACTIVA multicenter study, as well as the process employed in the different stages of the research. This article appears in Vol. 5, No. 4/5 (April and May 1999) of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health.
Vol.5-4&5-Fournier.htm
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Who is violent?: factors associated with aggressive behaviors in Latin America and Spain
The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the strength of the association between: 1) aggressive behaviors and 2) attitudes and self-efficacy for alternatives to violence, in different cities of the Region of the Americas and Spain. This article appears in Vol. 5, No. 4/5 (April/ May 1999) of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health
Vol-5-4&5-Orpinas.htm
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